Keynote speaker: Nonny Vilakazi
Conveners: Helke Mocke

The African geological record is a treasure trove of information that sheds light on the continent's past, including its paleontology, ancient environments, and paleoclimates. Fossil discoveries from Africa have revolutionized our understanding of human evolution, with significant findings such as the remains of early hominins in East Africa providing crucial insights into our evolutionary history. Additionally, the continent's diverse fossil assemblages offer glimpses into ancient ecosystems, revealing the presence of now-extinct megafauna like mammoths and saber-toothed cats. By studying sedimentary rocks, researchers can reconstruct past environments and climates. For instance, ancient lake deposits, marine sediments, and pollen records provide evidence of past hydrological changes, sea level fluctuations, and shifts in vegetation patterns. The African geological record, coupled with paleontological and paleoclimatic studies, provides a unique perspective on the continent's deep-time history and contributes to our broader understanding of Earth's evolutionary processes.

ST01_S01-Palaeontology, Ancient Environments and Palaeo-Climate
Conveners: Helke Mocke, Collen-Issia Uahengo, Brigitte Senut, Martin Pickford

The palaeontology of Africa spans a long time period from the Archean to Recent and has always attracted scientists worldwide. The African continent is perhaps best known for its hominin fossil finds, which include Mrs. Ples (Australopithecus africanus), Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis), Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Paranthropus boisei, Orrorin tugensis and Homo naledi to name a few. However, many more other types of fossils have been found including dinosaurs, therapsids, the first multicellular organisms known as the Ediacara, microfossils, invertebrates, amphibians, mammals, reptiles, plant fossils and trace fossils. Such fossils have helped to better understand past environments, biodiversities, climates and biogeographies. In addition, these varied fossils have been used to study species relationships, evolution of groups, organismal characteristics and traits, and extinction events. Palaeontology continues to play a crucial role in the dating of geological units and refining Africa’s stratigraphy. Climate modelling of ancient times, based usually on microfossils can be used to make inferences on the current climate change debate and palaeontological extinction events shed light on the interplay of climate change and natural catastrophic events. During this year’s CAG we would like to see various topics presented including, palaeo climate, new insight into extinction events, palaeotourism, new fossil discoveries, evolutionary linkages between various groups, insights into hominin behaviours, taphonomic studies of fossil sites in Africa, Ediacara and dinosaurs, to name a few.

ST01_S02 Sequence stratigraphy of Africa
Conveners: Collen-Issia Uahengo and Ansger Wanke

Sequence stratigraphy is a valuable framework for understanding the geological history and depositional patterns of different regions, including Africa. Africa's diverse tectonic history, varying paleoenvironments, and sedimentary basins have contributed to the development of distinct sequence stratigraphic patterns across the continent. From the expansive Saharan desert to the fertile Niger Delta, Africa showcases a wide range of sedimentary sequences. The integration of well data, seismic interpretation, and outcrop studies has allowed researchers to identify and map depositional sequences, their bounding surfaces, and facies associations. These sequence stratigraphic analyses provide crucial insights into past sea-level changes, climate variations, and sedimentary responses, shedding light on the evolution of Africa's landscapes and the formation of its significant hydrocarbon reservoirs.

ST01_S03- Nannostratigraphic study of the Cretaceous/Paleogene formations of the West Africa sedimentary basin: Evolution of depositional environments

Conveners: N. Zagbayou, M. Ennin Tetchie, Z. B. Digbehi, and Traore Famoussa 

The nannostratigraphic study of the Cretaceous/Paleogene formations within the West Africa sedimentary basin offers valuable insights into the evolution of depositional environments during this pivotal geological period. By analyzing microfossils such as calcareous nannofossils, researchers can decipher the changing paleoenvironments, including variations in water depth, sea surface temperature, and nutrient availability. The nannostratigraphic record reveals the presence of distinctive assemblages and zonations, allowing for the identification of biostratigraphic markers and the correlation of sedimentary sequences across the basin. Through careful examination of the nannofossil flora and their distribution patterns, scientists can reconstruct the depositional history of the West Africa sedimentary basin, highlighting shifts in oceanic circulation patterns, sea level fluctuations, and the development of different depositional settings such as shallow marine, deltaic, and deep marine environments. Such studies contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the basin's geological evolution and aid in the exploration and characterization of hydrocarbon reservoirs within the region.

Keynote Speaker: Dave Cornell

Convener: R.J. Thomas

The African continent preserves a geological history dating back to the Archean, with rocks as old as 3.8 Ga. The Archean rocks are characterized by Archean granite-greenstone terrains which form cratonic nuclei’s. These early cratonic nuclei’s amalgamated in Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic to form large cratons such as the Zimbabwe – Kaapvaal Craton, Congo Craton and West African Craton. The cratonisation of Archean crust was followed by sedimentation, volcanism and tectonics in the Paleoproterozoic era. These geological processes are associated with the formation of the Rodinia supercontinent at ca. 1 Ga. The 1.3 – 0.9 Ga orogenic event which lead to the formation of the supercontinent Rodinia is recorded by several mobile belts across Africa, including the Namaqua Natal belt in southern Africa and Kibaran Belt in central Africa. During the Neoproterozoic, the Rodinia supercontinent disintegrated (0.85 Ga) leading to the formation of ocean basins which became major depositional sites for Neoproterozoic sediments.  These oceans closed during the pan African orogeny at ca. 0.85 to 5.5 Ga leading to the formation of the Gondwana supercontinent and subsequently Pangea. The Rifting events split the Gondwana supercontinent in the late Jurrasic heralding the current configuration of the African continent. 

ST02-S01- Geochronology of the African continent and applications of new techniques- a window into the evolution of planet Earth.

Conveners: Martin Harris 

Geochronology, the study of determining the ages of rocks and geological events, has played a crucial role in unraveling the complex evolutionary history of the African continent. Through the application of various dating techniques, such as radiometric dating using isotopes like uranium-lead and potassium-argon, researchers have been able to establish accurate timelines for the formation of different geological features and events across Africa. These geochronological investigations have provided critical insights into the assembly and breakup of supercontinents, the formation of major tectonic boundaries, the development of ancient mountain ranges, and the timing of magmatic activity and volcanic eruptions. Furthermore, the advent of new techniques, such as high-precision dating methods and improved analytical capabilities, has enhanced our understanding of African geochronology. These advancements allow for more precise age determinations and the ability to date smaller mineral grains, providing a higher resolution view of Earth's evolution. Geochronology, as a window into the past, continues to illuminate the geological history of the African continent and contributes to our broader understanding of the dynamic processes that have shaped our planet.

ST02-S02-- Evolution of the Mobile belts of the African continent- a history of the Archean to the Phanerozoic. 

Conveners: Ben Mapani

The mobile belts of the African continent exhibit a rich and diverse history that spans from the Archean to the Phanerozoic eon. These mobile belts are the result of complex tectonic processes that have shaped the African continent over billions of years. During the Archean, several greenstone belts formed, representing ancient volcanic and sedimentary sequences. These belts provide insights into early crustal evolution and the formation of some of the world's oldest rocks. In the Proterozoic, collisional events led to the assembly of supercontinents, such as Rodinia and Gondwana, resulting in the formation of mobile belts with folded and faulted rocks. The Pan-African orogeny, which occurred in the Neoproterozoic, marked a significant episode of continental collision and mountain building in Africa. This event resulted in the formation of numerous mobile belts, including the Mauritanide, West African, and Mozambique belts. These belts are characterized by a wide range of tectonic features, including thrust faults, shear zones, and metamorphic rocks. In the Phanerozoic, the opening and closure of ocean basins, such as the Atlantic and Indian Ocean, further influenced the evolution of the mobile belts. The African mobile belts bear witness to the dynamic and complex geological history of the continent, providing valuable insights into Earth's tectonic processes and the formation of its diverse geological features.

S02ST02_S03- Intraplate magmatism-magmatic processes in the formation of continents.

Convener: Mbili Tshiningayamwe

Intraplate magmatism plays a crucial role in the formation and evolution of continents. It occurs in regions located within the interior of tectonic plates, far from plate boundaries, where magma rises to the surface and generates volcanic activity. The processes involved in intraplate magmatism are complex and varied. One common mechanism is mantle plumes, which are hot upwellings of material from deep within the Earth's mantle. As these plumes ascend, they can partially melt the overlying lithosphere, leading to the formation of large igneous provinces and voluminous basaltic lava flows. In other cases, the lithosphere can undergo extension and thinning, creating space for magma to ascend and form volcanic centers known as rift-related intraplate magmatism. These magmatic processes contribute to the growth and stabilization of continental crust by adding new material through volcanic activity and the emplacement of intrusive rocks. Intraplate magmatism also plays a role in the mineralization of valuable resources, such as copper and gold deposits, enriching the continental crust. Understanding the dynamics and processes associated with intraplate magmatism is essential for comprehending the complex interplay between magmatic activity and the formation of continents.

Keynote speaker: Rob Bowell

Africa is continent rich in mineral resources, with deposits of precious metals, base metals, industrial minerals, and energy minerals. The geology of Africa is diverse, and the continent contains a wide range of mineral deposit types, including magmatic, hydrothermal, sedimentary, and metamorphic deposits.

Magmatic deposits are formed from the cooling and crystallization of magma, and they are found in areas with volcanic activity. The Bushveld Complex in South Africa is one of the largest magmatic deposits in the world, containing platinum, palladium, rhodium, and other metals. Other magmatic deposits in Africa include the Sukari gold deposit in Egypt, and the Archean Greenstone Belt hosted nickel sulphide deposits in Zimbabwe.

Hydrothermal deposits are formed when hot, mineral-rich fluids circulate through the Earth's crust and deposit minerals in fractures and voids. These deposits are often associated with volcanic activity and can be found in areas with geothermal activity. Examples of hydrothermal deposits in Africa include the Kibali gold deposit in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Geita gold deposit in Tanzania, and the Tasiast gold deposit in Mauritania.

Sedimentary deposits are formed from the accumulation and cementation of sedimentary rocks. These deposits can contain minerals such as coal, phosphate, and iron. The major sedimentary deposit in Africa is the phosphorite deposits in Morocco and Western Sahara, which contain large reserves of phosphates used in fertilizers.

Metamorphic deposits are formed when rocks are subjected to high temperatures and pressures, causing them to undergo changes in mineralogy and texture. These deposits can contain minerals such as diamonds, gold, and platinum. The Witwatersrand Basin in South Africa is one of the largest gold deposits in the world and is believed to have been formed from metamorphic processes.

In addition to these major deposit types, Africa also contains important energy resources such as oil and gas. The Niger Delta in Nigeria is a major oil and gas producing region, as is the Gulf of Guinea along the west coast of Africa.

All in all, the geology of Africa is diverse, and the continent contains a wide range of mineral deposit types. The mineral resources of Africa are critical to the global economy and have played a significant role in the development of many African countries.

ST03_S01- Metallogeny and Ore Deposits in Africa

Convener: Aphary Muyongo and Abasi Vatuva

Africa is continent rich in mineral resources, and its metallogeny and ore deposits have played a significant role in shaping its economic development. The continent hosts a diverse array of valuable minerals and ore deposits, including gold, copper, iron, uranium, diamonds, and platinum group elements, among others. These deposits are associated with a variety of geological settings, such as greenstone belts, granite intrusions, sedimentary basins, and kimberlite pipes. The Witwatersrand Basin in South Africa stands out as one of the world's largest gold deposits, while the Copperbelt region in Central Africa is renowned for its vast copper and cobalt resources. The exploration and exploitation of these mineral deposits have driven economic growth and attracted significant investment in mining industries across the continent. Additionally, Africa's mineral resources continue to be of global importance, contributing to the global supply of essential metals and minerals. The study of metallogeny and ore deposits in Africa is vital for understanding the geological processes that have led to the formation and distribution of these valuable resources, ultimately aiding in their responsible exploration and sustainable development.

ST03_S02- The Geology and Geo-resources in Northwest Africa.

Convener: Youssef Driouch 

Northwest Africa (NWA) is a region with diverse geology and abundant georessources. The area encompasses countries such as Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Mauritania, and parts of Western Sahara. The geology of NWA comprises a variety of rock formations, including sedimentary basins, mountain ranges, volcanic terrains, and extensive desert landscapes. The Atlas Mountains traverse the region, hosting valuable mineral deposits like lead, zinc, copper, and phosphates. In the Sahara Desert, vast reserves of oil and natural gas are found, contributing to the energy resources of the area. Additionally, NWA is renowned for its rich mineral wealth, including precious metals such as gold and silver, as well as industrial minerals like gypsum, salt, and phosphate rock. The region's georessources have significant economic importance, driving industries and attracting investment in mining and energy sectors. Understanding the geology and georessources of NWA is crucial for sustainable management, resource exploration, and harnessing the potential of these valuable natural resources for the benefit of the region's economies and communities.

ST03_S03- Rare earth and critical metals in ore deposits: Mineralogy and genesis

Convener: Rainer Ellmies 

Africa is a significant player in the global production of rare earth elements (REEs) and critical metals due to its rich mineral deposits. Rare earth elements (REEs) and critical metals are a group of strategically important elements that play a crucial role in various modern technologies and industries. These elements, including neodymium, dysprosium, and cobalt, are essential for renewable energy technologies, electric vehicles, electronics, and defense applications. Ore deposits hosting REEs and critical metals can have diverse mineralogy and genesis. The mineralogy and genesis of these deposits in Africa vary across different regions. In Southern Africa, carbonatite complexes, such as the Palabora Complex in South Africa and the Zomba-Malosa Complex in Malawi, host economically viable REE and critical metal mineralization. These deposits contain minerals like bastnäsite, monazite, and apatite. In West Africa, lateritic weathering processes have resulted in the formation of ion adsorption deposits, similar to those found in southern China. These deposits, primarily in Madagascar and Mozambique, are characterized by the accumulation of REEs and critical metals in clay-rich soils. Hydrothermal vein and pegmatite deposits are also found in Africa, such as in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Namibia, where minerals like columbite-tantalite and spodumene host tantalum, niobium, and lithium, which are critical metals for high-tech industries. The mineralogy and genesis of REE and critical metal deposits in Africa reflect the continent's diverse geological history and offer significant potential for the sustainable production of these valuable resources.

ST03_S04- Geological characterization and ore genesis of critical metals and mineral deposits in Africa

Conveners: Rob Bowell, Filadelphia Mbingeneeko and Abner Nghoongoloka

The geological characterization and ore genesis of critical metals and mineral deposits in Africa encompass a wide range of settings and processes. The continent is known for its diverse mineral wealth, including deposits of critical metals such as cobalt, platinum group elements, rare earth elements, and lithium. In Southern Africa, the Bushveld Complex in South Africa is a significant source of platinum group elements, formed through magmatic processes associated with layered intrusions. The Katanga Copperbelt in the Democratic Republic of Congo hosts important cobalt and copper deposits associated with sedimentary and hydrothermal processes. In West Africa, gold deposits are abundant, often associated with hydrothermal veins and shear zones. Additionally, pegmatite-hosted lithium deposits have been identified in countries like Namibia and Zimbabwe. The geological characterization of these deposits involves detailed mapping, geochemical analyses, and the study of structural controls to understand the specific geological processes that led to their formation. This knowledge is crucial for exploration efforts and sustainable resource management across the continent.

Africa has become a focus of exploration for critical metals and minerals that are associated with a high supply risk in the global market.  These includes Rare Earth Elements, Graphite, Copper, Manganese, Phosphates, Aluminum, Cobalt, Nickel, Vanadium and Lithium. Additionally, Africa is the host to the largest known resources of Germanium. This session will provide a forum for exploration and mining professionals as well as academics to present research on these deposits and will focus on the geological characteristics of these deposits, their relationship to the known geology and the key indicators to aid future exploration.

ST03_S05-Sediment-hosted and supergene manganese deposits

Convener: Absai Vatuva

Africa is home to significant sediment-hosted and supergene manganese deposits, which play a vital role in the global manganese industry. Sediment-hosted manganese deposits in Africa are often associated with marine sedimentary sequences, particularly in the Kalahari Basin of South Africa and Namibia. These deposits formed through diagenetic processes, where manganese-rich fluids interacted with organic matter and carbonate minerals in the sediment. The supergene manganese deposits in Africa occur as weathering products of primary manganese ores. In countries like Gabon and Ghana, weathering and lateritic processes have transformed primary manganese oxides into secondary minerals enriched in manganese. These supergene deposits are often found near the surface and are economically significant due to their high-grade manganese content. The geological characterization of sediment-hosted and supergene manganese deposits in Africa involves detailed geological mapping, geochemical analysis, and exploration efforts to identify potential mining targets. These deposits contribute to Africa's manganese production, which is essential for steelmaking and various industrial applications.

ST03_S06-New analytical techniques and equipment applied to ore deposits.

Convener: Ester Shalimba

Keynote speaker: Branko Corner

Geophysics and geochemistry are powerful tools for peering into the subsurface and gaining insights into Earth's processes. Geophysics involves the study of the physical properties of rocks and their response to different energy sources, such as seismic waves, electromagnetic fields, and gravity. Geophysical techniques such as seismic reflection and refraction, ground-penetrating radar, geomagnetism, gravity and radiometrics and geo-electrical provide information about subsurface structures, rock properties, and fluid distributions. On the other hand, geochemistry focuses on the chemical composition and behavior of elements and compounds in rocks, soils, water, and gases. Analytical techniques like mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, and stable isotope analysis reveal valuable information about the sources, transport, and alteration of materials. Integrated approaches in geosciences bring together geophysics and geochemistry to create a comprehensive understanding of subsurface processes. By combining these techniques, researchers can unravel complex geological phenomena, identify mineral and energy resources, assess environmental impacts, and aid in the exploration and management of natural resources. The synergy between geophysics and geochemistry provides a powerful means to uncover the hidden secrets of the Earth's subsurface.

ST04 -S01- Geophysics and Seismology

Conveners: Bufelo Lushetile & Mako Sitali 

Geophysical methods is applicable to various disciplines which includes mineral and hydrocarbon exploration, geological mapping, hydrogeology, geohazards and environmental geophysics. This session will allow promotion and presentation of scientific results related to recent advances in geophysical methods and related science. 

National and Regional Seismic Networks has played an important role in monitoring natural earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and anthropogenic seismicity. These networks serve as data archives enabling sharing of data between seismic operational centres to advance scientific research. With increased seismological instruments and hence the density of networks, this has led to a generation of big datasets, new monitoring instrumentations, and new processing methods are leading to breakthroughs in many fields of seismology. Conversional seismological processing is not preferred anymore because of the advent of machine-learning-based methods for seismic data analysis, as they handle big datasets and detect at least 10x the number of earthquakes as current operational best practice. 

This session focuses on the important roles played in advancing scientific studies related to local and regional seismic hazards, integrating new technological advances in data acquisition and processing, new processing algorithms, hazard assessments, and outreach initiatives. In addition, topics in geophysics will include paleomagnetism, near-surface geophysics, geophysical approaches in hydrocarbon and mineral exploration, environmental geophysics, current developments on potential method and any new approaches in other geophysical methods.

ST04 -S02- Advances in geochemical exploration techniques, data interpretation and integration 

Conveners: Filadelphia Mbingeneeko, Badumisa Sibolile & Ulf Kasuto 

Decades of extensive research on exploring for mineral deposits in Africa has led to major breakthroughs and some challenges in geochemical methodologies. Nonetheless, advances in specialised geochemical exploration techniques, data interpretation, and integration have greatly enhanced the ability to explore and discover mineral deposits.

Modern geochemical exploration methods utilize specialised and highly sensitive analytical instruments, which enables for rapid and precise measurements of major, minor and trace elements in varying sample media. Data interpretation techniques, including multivariate statistical analysis, geostatistics, and machine learning algorithms, allow for efficient and effective assessment of geochemical data sets. Integration of multiple data sets, such as; geochemical data with geological and geophysical data sets, such as airborne geophysics and remote sensing, enhances the understanding of subsurface processes, identification of prospective exploration targets, and reduces exploration risks.   

Hence, the session focuses on highlighting innovative and modern geochemical methodologies applied to mineral exploration, geochemical data interpretation and integration at local and regional scale.        

Keynote speaker: TBA 

Conveners: Bertram Swartz, Ester Gustavo

In Africa, hydrogeology plays a crucial role in providing sustainable water resources for various uses, including domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes. The hydrogeological characteristics of Africa vary significantly from region to region due to differences in geology, climate, and land use. The continent is characterized by extensive aquifers that are often poorly understood, particularly in remote and under-explored regions. The identification and characterization of these aquifers is critical for effective groundwater management and development.

As one of the key challenges in hydrogeology in Africa, the scarcity of reliable data hinders the effective management of groundwater resources. However, recent advances in remote sensing, geophysical techniques, and numerical modelling have improved our understanding of groundwater systems in Africa. These tools have enabled hydrogeologists to delineate groundwater recharge areas, estimate groundwater storage, and predict groundwater flow patterns.

Another important aspect of hydrogeology in Africa is the impact of climate change on groundwater resources. Studies have shown that changes in precipitation patterns and temperature can significantly affect the recharge and discharge of groundwater, leading to changes in the availability and quality of water resources. Overall, hydrogeology is a critical field for the sustainable development of water resources in Africa. This session will deal with future research focusing on the improvement of our understanding of groundwater systems, developing effective management strategies, and mitigating the impacts of climate change on groundwater resources.

Although, several challenges still resonate in the sustainable management of groundwater resources in Africa, including over-abstraction, pollution, and climate change. Addressing these challenges requires a multi-disciplinary approach involving hydrogeologists, geologists, environmental scientists, and policymakers. This session will highlight these ideas and aim to bring forth some best practices and approaches to deal with them.

ST05–S01 HYDROGEOLOGY AND WATER SUSTAINABILITY UNDER A CHANGING CLIMATE

Conveners: Bertram Swartz, Ester Gustavo

Due to an increasing global population, it is becoming increasingly important to incorporate geoscience in our day-to-day lives. This is to ensure human needs are met in a sustainable way which does not compromise the integrity of our environment. 

Expansion of urban centres and development of new habitats will see infrastructure development taking place even in areas previously regarded as geologically unfavourable, which could pose a risk to ecosystems and the environment. The reverse relationship can also be expected, whereby the geological environment could pose a hazard to human safety and wellbeing as well as to the safety of the built structures. Engineering Geology contributes to the infrastructural sustainable development in ensuring a harmonious existence of the natural and the built environment.

Agrogeology on the other hand plays an important role in agriculture and food production, answering to the needs of a growing world population. Understanding the impact of geological processes and materials on agriculture can therefore improve soil productivity in delivering bountiful harvests and nutritious food.

With the advancement in the area of medical geology, it has become a well-known fact that exploitation of previously unused natural resources increases the risk of human exposure to previously sequestered environmental toxins. This field addresses environmental health problems such as trace element deficiencies, exposure to natural dusts, radioactivity, naturally occurring organic compounds in drinking water, and volcanic emissions.

Society should therefore maximise the use of geoscientific knowledge in solving global problems and meeting the needs of a growing population, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

ST06_S01- Engineering Geology and Geohazards 

Keynote speaker: TBA

Conveners: Israel Hasheela

Africa is characterized by a diverse geological landscape, encompassing a wide range of geological formations and geohazards. The continent's geology includes ancient shield areas, rift systems, volcanic regions, and sedimentary basins. These geological features contribute to various geohazards that pose risks to human populations and infrastructure. One prominent geohazard in Africa is seismic activity, particularly along tectonic plate boundaries and rift systems. The East African Rift System, for example, is known for its frequent earthquakes. Volcanic eruptions are also a significant geohazard, with active volcanoes such as Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania and Mount Nyiragongo in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Additionally, the continent is prone to landslides, especially in hilly or mountainous regions, and flooding in areas with heavy rainfall or proximity to large rivers. These geohazards present challenges for urban planning, infrastructure development, and disaster risk reduction efforts in Africa. Understanding the geology and geohazards of the continent is crucial for mitigating risks, improving preparedness, and ensuring the safety and resilience of communities in the face of natural hazards.

ST06_S02- Agrogeology and Medical Geology 

Conveners:  Giesberta Shaanika and Badumisa Sibolile

Agrogeology and medical geology are two important fields that intersect with the geological aspects of Africa's agriculture and public health. Agrogeology focuses on the study of geological factors that influence soil fertility, nutrient availability, and water resources, all of which play a critical role in agricultural productivity. In Africa, agrogeological studies contribute to understanding soil composition, identifying suitable irrigation practices, and mitigating the impact of soil degradation and erosion. This knowledge helps optimize agricultural practices, enhance crop yields, and promote sustainable farming methods, ultimately addressing food security challenges on the continent. On the other hand, medical geology explores the relationship between geology and human health. In Africa, this field investigates the influence of geology on the occurrence of geological hazards, mineral exposures, and the presence of natural contaminants in water and soil. Medical geology studies aid in identifying areas at risk for diseases related to geogenic factors, such as exposure to toxic elements or pathogens. This knowledge supports public health interventions, including the provision of safe drinking water, prevention of diseases associated with geological hazards, and implementation of appropriate land-use practices. Both agrogeology and medical geology contribute to improving livelihoods and public health outcomes in Africa by harnessing the understanding of geological processes and their implications for agriculture and human well-being.

ST06_S03- GIS and Remote Sensing as Tools of Africa Development 

Conveners: Paulina Pokolo

GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and remote sensing have emerged as powerful tools for the development and management of Africa's resources and infrastructure. GIS enables the collection, storage, analysis, and visualization of geospatial data, providing valuable insights into land use, natural resource management, urban planning, and disaster risk assessment. Remote sensing, on the other hand, involves the acquisition of data from satellite or airborne sensors, allowing for the monitoring and mapping of land cover, vegetation health, water resources, and environmental changes over time. In Africa, GIS and remote sensing have been instrumental in various sectors, including agriculture, forestry, water management, transportation, and public health. These tools aid in decision-making processes, resource allocation, and policy development by providing accurate spatial information and supporting evidence-based approaches. Moreover, GIS and remote sensing have facilitated the identification of vulnerable areas, such as those prone to droughts, floods, or other natural disasters, enabling proactive measures for disaster preparedness and response. By harnessing the power of GIS and remote sensing, Africa is leveraging geospatial data to foster sustainable development, improve resource management, and enhance the well-being of its people

ST06_S04- Information management systems in Earth Sciences

Conveners: TBA

Information management systems in Earth Sciences play a crucial role in Africa, where the continent's vast geological diversity and natural resources require effective data management and utilization. These systems enable the collection, organization, analysis, and dissemination of geospatial data and knowledge specific to Africa's unique geological features. By leveraging advanced technologies and software applications, these systems facilitate data integration, modeling, visualization, and interpretation. They support various aspects of Earth Sciences, including geological mapping, mineral exploration, environmental monitoring, and natural resource management. Information management systems also promote data sharing, collaboration, and capacity building among researchers, government agencies, and industry stakeholders. By effectively harnessing and analyzing geoscientific information, these systems contribute to evidence-based decision-making, sustainable development, and the preservation of Africa's natural heritage.

Keynote speaker: Ozlem Adiyaman Lopes

Convener: Asfawossen Asrat

As of May 2023, there are 195 UNESCO Global Geoparks within 48 UNESCO Member States.. While the network is expanding rapidly, Africa lags far behind in establishing geoparks, despite the immense potential on the continent. This is why UNESCO promotes the Geopark concept in Africa.

Geoparks are managed and protected through a holistic approach that combines geotourism, geo-education, geo-conservation, awareness raising, and high-quality training for locals and visitors alike. Research on geological heritage is an important tool for the holistic approach to sustainable development of local communities and the creation of new geoparks in Africa. The objective of this session is to provide a platform for the exchange of ideas, experiences, and best practices among researchers and practitioners on geoheritage characterization and evaluation, geotourism development, and potential or existing geopark projects in any African country or region.

The session welcomes submissions that demonstrate original research on geoheritage characterization and evaluation, as well as best practices and projects that contribute to the strengthening and empowerment of local communities. The aim is to ensure that the geological importance of an area can be preserved and promoted for scientific, educational, and touristic purposes while focusing on the protection and promotion of geological sites that are crucial for understanding the Earth's evolution. By learning from ongoing processes to address emerging problems, these efforts contribute to the sustainable development of local communities.

ST07_S01- Geoheritage, Geotourism and Geoparks in Africa

Conveners: Ozlem Adiyaman Lopes, Kombada Mhopjeni, Enrique Diaz Martinez and Asfawossen Asrat.

Geoheritage, geotourism, and geoparks in Africa play a vital role in promoting the understanding, conservation, and sustainable utilization of the continent's geological heritage. Africa boasts a rich and diverse geological heritage, including unique landforms, ancient fossils, and geological processes that shaped its landscapes over millions of years. Geoheritage refers to the geological features, sites, and landscapes of significant scientific, educational, and aesthetic value. Geotourism capitalizes on this geoheritage by promoting responsible tourism that highlights the geological significance of an area, provides educational opportunities, and benefits local communities. Geoparks, designated by UNESCO, are areas that utilize geoheritage as a foundation for sustainable development, combining conservation, education, and community engagement. Geoparks in Africa showcase the continent's geological wonders, offer geotourism experiences, and contribute to the socio-economic well-being of surrounding communities. They serve as platforms for research, education, and cultural exchange, fostering a deeper understanding of Africa's geological history and promoting sustainable practices for the preservation of its natural heritage.

Keynote speaker: TBA 

Conveners: TBA

Fossil fuels have been the primary driver of industrialization in the developed world, and they continue to play a significant role in the energy sector. As world economies transition to a mix of green energy solutions, fossil fuels will still maintain a dominant position in critical industries such as petrochemicals, which serve the agricultural and pharmaceutical sectors. The role of crude oil products in the textile industry will also remain important. Capturing the carbon emissions from hydrocarbons and utilizing them in the hydrogen economy for the production of blue and grey hydrogen will be crucial. Africa's shift from a more affordable hydrocarbon-based energy source to a more expensive hydrogen economy will necessitate an increased reliance on blue hydrogen before making a full transition to the green hydrogen economy.

ST08_S01- Role of Fossil Fuels in Africa’s Energy Transition to carbon neutral economies

Conveners: TBA

Keynote speaker: TBA

Conveners: Frans Kalenga

The mineral industry plays a crucial role in the development and implementation of the green hydrogen energy economy. Green hydrogen, produced through electrolysis using renewable energy sources, has emerged as a promising solution for decarbonizing various sectors, including transportation, industry, and energy storage.

The green hydrogen energy economy requires a significant input of raw materials from the mineral industry. Green hydrogen fuel cells that produce energy require platinum (Pt) and iridium (Ir) membranes. Geoscientists will have to increase the world's supply of these two metals unless alternatives are found. The green hydrogen infrastructure also requires substantial amounts of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), lithium (Li), and sodium (Na). The supply of these resources must occur simultaneously with the development of the green hydrogen economy.

Africa is rich in mineral resources essential for the production of green hydrogen, including platinum group metals (PGMs), rare earth elements, lithium, cobalt, and nickel. The mineral industry in Africa not only provides the raw materials but also contributes to the establishment of renewable energy infrastructure, such as wind and solar farms, which power the electrolysis process.

As Africa aims to transition to a greener and more sustainable energy future, responsible and sustainable extraction, processing, and supply chain management by the mineral industry become essential in supporting the growth of the green hydrogen sector and driving economic development on the continent.

Collaboration between the mineral industry, renewable energy sector, and policymakers is crucial to optimize the supply chain, develop environmentally friendly mining practices, and foster innovation in the production and utilization of green hydrogen.

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ST09_S01- Role of the Mineral Industry In the Green Hydrogen Energy Economy

Conveners: TBA

Keynote speaker: Judith Kinnaird

Africa possesses significant nuclear fuel resources, including uranium and thorium, which have the potential to provide substantial benefits to the continent. These resources can be utilized for both energy generation and medical applications. 

Africa has two prominent uranium-producing countries which currently rank second and fifth in World production, namely Namibia and Niger. Historic and current exploration activities have shown that other uranium deposits and the potential for new finds exist in a number of countries other than the two named above. It can therefore be stated that Africa already plays a vital role in the provision of fuel for the World’s nuclear reactors, and can even play a bigger role, as many African countries aspire to become a uranium producer too. 

The session will look at the two current producers, and the uranium potential of other African countries, and unpacks the benefits that uranium exploration and mining can bring, including possible value addition and utilization at home. It will also address local and international licensing and safety requirements which might pose challenges, especially for newcomers. With proper governance and strategic utilization, Africa's nuclear fuel resources have the potential to contribute to sustainable development, energy security, and advancements in various sectors, while ensuring the highest standards of safety and security.

ST10_S01- Africa's Nuclear Fuel Resources: Potential Benefits and Challenges

Conveners: Gabi Schneider and Paul Nex.

Keynote speaker: Fabian Shaanika

Investment in the mineral industry, encompassing green fields exploration and the extractive industry, is crucial for Africa's economic development. The continent boasts vast mineral resources that hold great potential for generating revenue, creating jobs, and driving technological advancements. However, there are various policy issues, legislations, potentials, challenges, governance concerns, and best practices that need to be considered in order to maximize the benefits of mineral investment in Africa.

Policy issues and legislations play a key role in creating a conducive environment for mineral investment. Governments need to establish clear and transparent regulatory frameworks that attract investors while safeguarding national interests, environmental sustainability, and social welfare. This involves defining exploration and mining rights, enforcing environmental and social responsibility, and promoting local content development.

Africa's mineral industry holds immense potentials, but there are challenges that need to be addressed. These include infrastructural deficiencies, inadequate access to financing, insufficient geological data, and technological limitations. Additionally, the sector often faces issues related to corruption, illegal mining, and lack of transparency. Overcoming these challenges requires robust governance mechanisms, capacity building, and collaboration between governments, industry stakeholders, and communities.

Best practices in the mineral industry involve adopting responsible and sustainable mining practices. This includes mitigating environmental impacts, respecting the rights and welfare of local communities, promoting fair and equitable benefit-sharing, and ensuring health and safety standards. Embracing technological advancements, such as digitalization and automation, can enhance efficiency and minimize environmental footprints.

To attract investment and maximize the benefits, Africa needs to improve its investment climate through stable regulatory frameworks, efficient administrative procedures, and fiscal stability. It is essential to foster partnerships between governments, industry, and communities to create a shared vision for sustainable mineral development.

In conclusion, investment in the mineral industry in Africa has immense potential to drive economic growth and development. Addressing policy issues, implementing effective legislations, harnessing potentials, overcoming challenges, ensuring good governance, and adopting best practices are crucial steps toward maximizing the benefits of mineral investment while minimizing social and environmental impacts. Collaborative efforts and long-term planning will pave the way for a sustainable and prosperous mineral industry in Africa.

ST11_S01- Geological characteristics of the critical metals and minerals

Conveners: Mary Barton

Africa possesses a diverse range of geological characteristics that host critical metals and minerals, playing a significant role in the continent's mineral wealth. These geological characteristics are often associated with various tectonic settings, such as ancient cratons, volcanic arcs, and sedimentary basins. For instance, the Archean cratons of Southern Africa are known for their rich deposits of platinum group metals (PGMs), including platinum, palladium, and rhodium. The Central African Copperbelt, located in the southern part of the continent, hosts substantial reserves of copper and cobalt. The Pan-African orogenic belts, stretching across North and West Africa, contain significant gold, tin, and tungsten deposits. Moreover, the Great Rift Valley, extending from East Africa to Southern Africa, exhibits potential for geothermal energy resources. The geological characteristics of Africa are diverse and complex, contributing to the continent's abundance of critical metals and minerals, which have economic, technological, and strategic importance globally.

ST11_S02- Mining taxation, fiscal policies and fiscal instruments

Conveners: TBA

Mining taxation, fiscal policies, and fiscal instruments in Africa are crucial tools for governments to manage their mineral resources effectively, promote sustainable development, and maximize revenue generation. African countries employ a range of fiscal policies and instruments tailored to their specific contexts and mineral sectors. These include taxes, royalties, and production-sharing agreements that aim to capture a fair share of mining profits. Additionally, governments may implement fiscal incentives to attract investment, such as tax holidays or reduced tax rates for exploration and development activities. The establishment of transparent and accountable fiscal regimes is a priority, ensuring that tax laws and regulations are clear, consistent, and effectively enforced. African countries also increasingly recognize the importance of leveraging mining revenues to diversify their economies, invest in social infrastructure, and promote local content development. By employing sound fiscal policies and fiscal instruments, African nations strive to strike a balance between attracting investment, maximizing revenue, and promoting sustainable and responsible mining practices for the benefit of their economies and communities.

ST11_S03- Mining and exploration financing and investment modalities

Conveners: TBA

Mining and exploration financing and investment modalities in Africa encompass a diverse range of strategies and mechanisms aimed at attracting capital and promoting sustainable mining activities. African countries, rich in mineral resources, employ various approaches to finance mining projects and support exploration efforts. Traditional methods include equity financing, where companies seek investment from shareholders or venture capitalists, and debt financing, involving loans or credit facilities from banks or financial institutions. Additionally, project financing, where lenders provide funding based on the project's revenue potential, is commonly used. Joint ventures and strategic partnerships are also prevalent, enabling collaboration between local and international companies to share risks and resources. African governments often provide fiscal incentives, such as tax breaks or exemptions, to attract mining investment. Public-private partnerships and development funds may be established to support infrastructure development and encourage responsible mining practices. Increasingly, the region has seen the emergence of impact and socially responsible investors who consider environmental and social factors in their funding decisions. These diverse financing and investment modalities contribute to the development of the mining sector in Africa, fostering economic growth, job creation, and responsible resource extraction.

ST11_S04- Opportunities for local content, downstream, upstream and sidestream linkages in the hydrocarbon industry

Conveners: TBA

The hydrocarbon industry in Africa presents significant opportunities for local content, downstream, upstream, and sidestream linkages. Local content refers to the participation and development of local businesses, workforce, and industries in the hydrocarbon value chain. African countries have recognized the importance of maximizing local participation and leveraging the industry's potential to create jobs, promote skills development, and boost economic growth. Downstream linkages involve the establishment of refineries, petrochemical plants, and distribution networks, enabling the processing and value addition of hydrocarbon resources within the region. This helps to diversify the economy, create additional employment opportunities, and reduce reliance on imported petroleum products. Upstream linkages focus on developing local capacity in exploration, production, and service provision, allowing African companies to participate in upstream activities and build technical expertise. Sidestream linkages involve the development of auxiliary industries, such as manufacturing equipment, supply chain management, and research and development, to support the hydrocarbon sector. This enables technology transfer, innovation, and the growth of ancillary industries that benefit from the hydrocarbon industry's presence. By fostering local content, downstream, upstream, and sidestream linkages, African countries can unlock the full potential of their hydrocarbon resources, promote economic diversification, and create a sustainable and inclusive hydrocarbon industry.

ST11_S05- Characteristics of the mining industry that drive investment decisions.

Conveners: TBA

Several characteristics of the mining industry in Africa drive investment decisions. Firstly, the continent is rich in mineral resources, including gold, diamonds, copper, cobalt, and various other metals and minerals. The abundance and diversity of these resources present attractive opportunities for investors seeking to capitalize on their value. Additionally, Africa's geological potential is still relatively untapped, with significant unexplored areas offering the possibility of new discoveries and untapped mineral deposits. Political stability and a favorable regulatory framework are also crucial factors. Stable governance, transparent policies, and clear mining regulations instil confidence in investors and provide a predictable operating environment. Infrastructure is another significant consideration, as efficient transportation networks, reliable energy supply, and access to water are essential for successful mining operations. Moreover, the local workforce and skills development are important factors. Investors look for regions with a skilled labor force or the potential to develop local talent through training and education programs. Environmental and social factors also play a significant role, as responsible mining practices and community engagement are increasingly expected by investors and stakeholders. Finally, market dynamics, such as commodity prices and demand, are considered when making investment decisions. Investors assess the potential for profitability and market growth, ensuring a favorable economic environment for their mining projects. By taking these characteristics into account, investors can evaluate the opportunities and risks associated with the African mining industry and make informed investment decisions.

Keynote speaker: TBA

Convener: Halleluya Ekandjo and Maideyi Lydia Meck 

Geoscience education for sustainable development in Africa plays a vital role in equipping future generations with the knowledge and skills necessary to address environmental challenges and promote sustainable practices. 

By integrating geoscience into education curricula, Africa can raise awareness about the continent's unique geological heritage, natural resources, and the impacts of human activities on the environment. Geoscience education fosters an understanding of earth processes, climate change, land degradation, and the importance of responsible resource management. It also promotes critical thinking, problem-solving, and innovative approaches to sustainability. 

Moreover, geoscience education in Africa can enhance local capacity by training a skilled workforce to tackle geohazards, water scarcity, and other environmental issues. By emphasizing the importance of sustainable development, geoscience education empowers individuals to make informed decisions, engage in sustainable practices, and contribute to the long-term well-being of Africa's people and ecosystems.

ST12_S01 - Geoscience communication 

Convener: Josephine Uushona

Geoscience communication in Africa plays a crucial role in promoting awareness, understanding, and appreciation of the Earth's processes and resources among diverse audiences. Effective geoscience communication involves translating complex scientific concepts into accessible language, engaging storytelling, and utilizing various communication channels. It aims to bridge the gap between scientists, policymakers, communities, and the general public, fostering dialogue and informed decision-making. Geoscience communication initiatives in Africa involve educational outreach programs, public lectures, science festivals, and the use of digital platforms and social media to reach wider audiences. By enhancing geoscience literacy and promoting the relevance of geoscience to everyday life, communication efforts in Africa contribute to sustainable development, environmental stewardship, and the preservation of geological heritage. Moreover, geoscience communication can inspire young Africans to pursue careers in geoscience, fostering a new generation of scientists and professionals who can contribute to addressing the continent's unique geological challenges and opportunities.

ST12_S02- Geoscience curriculums that meet industry needs 

Conveners: Maideyi Lydia Meck

Geoscience curricula that meet industry needs are designed to provide students with the necessary knowledge, skills, and practical experiences to succeed in the professional geoscience sector. These curricula are often developed in collaboration with industry experts and stakeholders to ensure alignment with current industry practices and emerging trends. They incorporate a combination of theoretical coursework and hands-on fieldwork, laboratory exercises, and industry-relevant projects. Geoscience curricula focus on core disciplines such as geology, geophysics, geochemistry, andhydrogeology, while also integrating interdisciplinary subjects like environmental science, remote sensing, and geospatial analysis. They emphasize the application of geoscience principles to real-world problems and encourage critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills development. Moreover, industry-focused curricula often include internships, industry placements, or cooperative education programs that provide students with practical experience and exposure to professional work environments. By tailoring geoscience curricula to meet industry needs, educational institutions can produce graduates who are well-prepared and highly sought-after by the geoscience industry, contributing to the advancement of the sector and fostering a skilled workforce that can address the challenges and opportunities of the Earth sciences.

Keynote speaker: TBA

Conveners: Petronella Museta

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has a transformative impact on mineral resources in countries across Africa. With the fusion of digital, physical, and biological technologies, African countries are leveraging these advancements to drive innovation and enhance their mineral resource sector. Automation, robotics, and artificial intelligence are revolutionizing exploration, mining operations, and mineral processing. Drones and remote sensing technologies are employed for efficient geological mapping and mineral prospecting. Data analytics and predictive modeling optimize resource extraction, reduce costs, and minimize environmental impacts. The increased demand for renewable energy technologies and electric vehicles has created opportunities for African countries rich in critical minerals like lithium, cobalt, and rare earth elements. This has the potential to stimulate economic growth, attract foreign investment, and foster job creation. However, African countries also face challenges such as the need for skilled labor and digital literacy, ensuring equitable access to technology and benefits, and addressing environmental and social concerns associated with increased mining activities. It is crucial for African governments, industry stakeholders, and educational institutions to collaborate, develop supportive policies, and invest in capacity building to harness the potential of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the mineral resource sector for sustainable development in the continent.

ST13_S01-The fourth Industrial revolution and its impact on mineral resource countries 

Conveners: Petronella Museta

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) or Industry 4.0 represents the next phase in the digitization of the manufacturing sector, driven by disruptive technologies such as connectivity, data, computational power, analytics and intelligence, human-machine interaction, and advanced engineering. This revolution is propelled by cloud technology, Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data Analytics (BDA), complemented with blockchain technology, the Internet of Things (IoT), and 5G technology.

Africa possesses abundant resources and reserves of essential mineral commodities, making it a significant producer of metals and minerals like gold, diamond, cobalt, bauxite, iron ore, coal, and copper throughout the continent. The mineral industry plays a vital role in many African countries, contributing substantially to their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and serving as a crucial source of export earnings. Consequently, the industry holds immense importance for economic growth in Africa. The technological advancements driving the Fourth Industrial Revolution are reshaping various sectors and economies, and the mining sector, along with its underlying mineral resources in Africa, is no exception. These transformative technologies are revolutionizing the entire mining value chain, redefining processes and operations, and enhancing productivity and efficiency in the African mining industry.

ST13_S02- Geostatistics and Data Science in resource development and quantification

Conveners: TBA 

Geostatistics and Data Science play a critical role in resource development and quantification by providing valuable tools and techniques for analyzing and interpreting spatial data in the field of Earth sciences. Geostatistics and Data Science play a crucial role in resource development and quantification in Africa, where the continent is rich in diverse mineral resources. Geostatistical techniques provide a systematic approach for analyzing and interpreting spatial data, allowing for accurate estimation and modeling of mineral deposits in unmeasured areas. This is particularly important in Africa, where resource exploration often takes place in remote and underexplored regions. By integrating geostatistics with Data Science, African countries can leverage advanced analytics and machine learning algorithms to extract meaningful insights from large and complex datasets. These insights can inform decision-making processes, optimize sampling strategies, and assess the potential of mineral resources more effectively. Geostatistics and Data Science enable African nations to make informed decisions, attract investment in resource development, and promote sustainable management of their mineral wealth, contributing to economic growth, job creation, and overall development in the region.

ST13_S03- Artificial intelligence, big data, and mineral system approach in mineral predictive mapping: Background and applications

Conveners: TBA 

Artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and the mineral system approach have emerged as powerful tools in mineral predictive mapping, offering new opportunities for mineral exploration and resource assessment in Africa. The combination of AI and big data analytics enables the processing and analysis of vast amounts of geological, geochemical, and geophysical data, enhancing the understanding of mineralization processes and identifying potential mineral deposits. The mineral system approach provides a conceptual framework that integrates geological, geochemical, and geophysical information to model the formation and distribution of mineral resources. In Africa, where there is still significant untapped mineral potential, the application of AI, big data, and the mineral system approach can help prioritize exploration targets, guide efficient resource allocation, and reduce exploration risks. By leveraging these advanced technologies and methodologies, African countries can enhance their mineral resource assessment capabilities, attract investment in the mining sector, and foster sustainable development in the region.

Keynote speaker: TBA

Conveners: TBA

Africa is rich in resources, spanning across minerals to oil and gas. For a number of years, crude oil has been a major revenue driver for many African nations. Crude deposits are abundant, and the continent remains a hotbed for new exploration targets. The African continent is home to five of the top thirty oil producing countries in the world, and in 2019, accounted for about 7.9 million barrels per day (9.6%) of the total global output. This is slightly lower from the heights of 2005 to 2021 when African nations produced nearly 10 million barrels a day, and the production decline between 2010 to 2015 was mainly due to the drop in global crude prices.

In 2021, the continent’s proven oil reserves stood at roughly 125 billion barrels recoverable. For years, Nigeria was ranked as the highest oil producing nation in Africa, but in 2022 this was abruptly changed when Angola overtook the oil giant in first place. The latest statistics suggest that the African rankings are as follows: Angola; Nigeria; Algeria; Libya; Egypt; Republic of Congo; Gabon; Ghana; Equatorial Guinea and Chad. Oil and gas development, depending on the scale, can lead to a total transformation of a country’s economy; delivering high skilled jobs, other forms of associated employment and other benefits particularly if there is the correct focus on local content development and supply chain management, examples are Dubai, Bahrain, Norway, Chad and Canada. Existing sectors will also be enhanced to ensure continued diversity in the economy.

Despite the global slowdown in fossil fuel developments and investment, Africa has been accelerating oil and gas exploration. Sizeable oil discoveries made over the past five years have only further positioned the continent as the final frontier for hydrocarbon exploration.  Some of the more notable discoveries in recent times is the Venus discovery made by Total offshore Namibia in the Orange basin, shortly thereafter, Shell’s announcement of their discovery just 50 kilometres inboard of that. Other discoveries from across the continent include Cote D’Ivoire, where Italian oil major ENI announced reserves estimated to be around 1.5 to 2 billion barrels of oil. Ghana was also present, where ENI, again announced success in the Eban exploration prospect in Block 4, offshore Ghana. In Angola, ENI also made a sizeable discovery in the deep offshore Block 15/06 which potentially be between 200 and 250 million barrels. The resource curse, or the negative impact of oil abundance on long-term economic growth for oil exporting countries is worth mentioning. Historically as seen in many African countries, there is evidence suggesting that the relationship between a country’s natural resource endowment and it’s long-term economic development is negative. 

ST14_S01- Oil fields of Africa

Conveners: TBA

Africa is home to several significant oil fields that play a crucial role in the continent's oil and gas industry. One of the notable oil fields is the Niger Delta, located in Nigeria. It is one of the largest and most prolific oil-producing regions in Africa, with extensive reserves and a long history of oil production. Another prominent oil field is the Bonga Field, also in Nigeria, which is known for its deepwater production and substantial reserves. Offshore fields such as Girassol Field in Angola and Jubilee Field in Ghana have contributed to the growth of oil production in their respective countries. Additionally, other significant oil fields in Africa include the Rovuma Basin in Mozambique, the Albertine Graben in Uganda, and the Congo Basin in the Democratic Republic of Congo. These oil fields are vital for the energy sector, economic development, and foreign investment in Africa, driving revenue generation and employment opportunities in the region.

ST14_S02- New hydrocarbon discoveries in Africa

Conveners: Roger Swart

Africa continues to witness new hydrocarbon discoveries that have the potential to transform the continent's oil and gas industry. Recent years have seen significant discoveries in various regions. One notable example is the major natural gas discoveries in East Africa, particularly in Tanzania and Mozambique. The Rovuma Basin in Mozambique is known for its substantial gas reserves, making it a promising area for future production and export. In West Africa, significant discoveries have been made offshore, including the Tortue Field located on the maritime border between Senegal and Mauritania. This offshore field contains vast reserves of natural gas and has the potential to become a major source of energy for both countries. Additionally, in North Africa, Egypt has made substantial offshore gas discoveries in the Mediterranean Sea, leading to increased production and becoming a key player in the region's gas market. These new hydrocarbon discoveries in Africa provide opportunities for economic growth, foreign investment, and energy development, positioning the continent as a significant player in the global energy landscape.

ST14_S03- Do oil discoveries equate to resource curse?

Conveners: TBA

The relationship between oil discoveries and the resource curse in Africa is a complex issue that varies from country to country. While oil discoveries have the potential to bring significant economic benefits and drive development, they can also lead to challenges commonly associated with the resource curse. The resource curse refers to a phenomenon where resource-rich countries experience economic and social challenges, including corruption, economic volatility, inequality, and political instability.

In some cases, oil discoveries in Africa have indeed contributed to the resource curse. Weak governance, lack of transparency, and mismanagement of revenues have resulted in the misallocation of resources, limited economic diversification, and increased dependency on oil revenues. These factors can exacerbate existing social and economic inequalities and hinder sustainable development.

However, it is important to note that the resource curse is not inevitable. Some African countries have successfully managed their oil resources, implementing policies and institutions that promote transparency, accountability, and sustainable development. These countries have focused on investing oil revenues in sectors such as infrastructure, education, and healthcare, diversifying their economies, and promoting inclusive growth.

The key to avoiding the resource curse lies in effective governance, strong institutions, and prudent management of oil revenues. By implementing sound policies, promoting transparency, and investing in human capital and diversification, African countries can harness the potential benefits of oil discoveries while mitigating the risks associated with the resource curse.

ST14_S04- Opportunities for local content, downstream, upstream and sidestream linkages in the hydrocarbon industry

Conveners: TBA

The hydrocarbon industry in Africa offers significant opportunities for the development of local content and the establishment of linkages throughout the value chain. Local content initiatives aim to maximize the involvement of local companies, suppliers, and workforce in the industry's activities, thereby fostering economic growth, job creation, and technology transfer. In the downstream sector, there are opportunities for African countries to develop refineries, storage facilities, and distribution networks, enabling them to add value to their hydrocarbon resources and meet domestic energy demands. In the upstream sector, local content policies can encourage the participation of domestic companies in exploration and production activities, enhancing their technical capabilities and driving local economic development. Additionally, sidestream linkages can be established by leveraging hydrocarbon resources to develop petrochemical industries, power generation projects, and manufacturing sectors, creating diverse opportunities for economic diversification and value creation. These opportunities for local content, downstream, upstream, and sidestream linkages in the hydrocarbon industry in Africa contribute to sustainable development, job creation, and the empowerment of local communities

Chairs:  Halleluya Ekandjo and Giesberta Shaanika

Panelists include: Dr Glen Nalwa from Wits; Robert Kaemba former FQM Exploration manager; Dr Absai Vatuva UNAM; Ms Sheron as well VP for Rosh Pinah Mine

Lifting the hood on the relationship between academia, industry, and geological surveys in Africa reveals a dynamic and collaborative network driving advancements in geoscience and sustainable development. Academia plays a critical role in conducting research, training the next generation of geoscientists, and generating knowledge that informs industry practices and policy decisions. 

Geological surveys provide valuable geoscientific data, mapping, and expertise to support both academia and industry. Meanwhile, industry brings real-world challenges and practical applications to the table, providing funding, resources, and opportunities for collaboration. Through partnerships and knowledge exchange, these stakeholders can bridge the gap between theory and practice, fostering innovation, technology transfer, and sustainable resource management. 

This interconnectedness promotes a holistic approach to geological research, exploration, and responsible mining practices, contributing to Africa's socio-economic development while ensuring the preservation of its natural heritage.

To ensure a successful energy transition, the academic, industry, and government sectors of the minerals community need to work seamlessly and symbiotically. However, it is common to encounter strong opinions and misunderstandings within this relationship. Therefore, we invite you to join us for a 'group therapy' session that brings together the academic, industry, and 

geological survey sectors of minerals geoscience. This panel discussion, organized by the Ore Deposits Hub and Geological Survey of Namibia, leverages their established roles as intermediaries between different sectors of the mineral resources community. During the event, representatives from each sector will have the opportunity to express what they consider important. We will then engage the audience to gather input on how we can improve collaboration and better align our goals to deliver the minerals required for a carbon-neutral future.

Chairs:  Felix Bob Ocitti and Dung, Ibrahim Lawrence 

Panelists include: TBA

Chairs:  TBA

Panelists include: